I always thought Clark's birthday was February 28, though I knew in the show he was found on May 17. I assumed it was one of those things you just accept without an explanation.
We don't know Lois's birthday -- I think we heard her astrological sign in one of the eps, but I can't remember what it was.
It was Libra, I recall Lois telling Star when she unsuccessfully tried to guess her astrological sign. I think it was in Contact, but I'm not sure.
Julie