The only example where you absolutely
have to have a comma is number four:
After he kissed her, Lois's eyes popped open in recognition.
The 'After he kissed her' is what's known as an introductory element, and a comma is
always needed there.
I wouldn't bother with commas in the other examples; you have 'and' and you don't need a comma before 'and'. I'd only advise it if the sentence is complicated.
My favourite comma website , with lots of examples and quizzes to help you.
Wendy
(who won't stop reading a fic containing masses of comma errors, but will pause and mentally insert/delete the relevant comma and thus gets a little jerked out)
