Others who've watched the episodes more recently will have more specific details, Jenn, but AFAIR, the only mention of Claude was in the pilot. I believe that most of the details come from fanfic over the years. What was in the show was pretty sketchy.
As for Martha and Jonathan, I seem to recall that the show was conflicted on how long they'd been married with at least three separate and conflicting dates given in various episodes.
But, as I say, you'd probably want to hear from someone with specifics on those.
LabRat